ABSTRACT
The matured, ripen, and dried seeds of Scaphium affine (Mast.) Pierre, known as Pangdahai (PDH) in Chinese and recorded as Sterculia lychnophora Hance (scientific synonym) in the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopeia, have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese folk medicine, Vietnamese traditional medicine, traditional Thai medicine and Indian traditional medicine. The decoctions of the seeds are used as a remedy for pharyngitis, laryngitis, constipation, cough, menorrhagia, and pain management. This review is aimed at fully collating and presenting a systematic and comprehensive overview of the ethnopharmacological uses of PDH, its phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicological profile. Additionally, this review aims to reveal the therapeutic potentials as well as the important scientific gaps in the research of this traditional medicine that need to be filled so as to provide a comprehensive data for its development, utilization and application. From our extensive review of literatures, the teas (water decoctions) of PDH, which largely contain very polar constituents like polysaccharides, are used in the treatment of constipation, pharyngitis, and pain traditionally and ethno-medicinally and their use have been justified by pharmacological studies carried out on the polysaccharides and aqueous extracts. Additionally, this review has revealed that the organic (ethanolic and methanolic) extracts of PDH possess diverse pharmacological (anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-pyretic, anti-microbial, anti-obesity and analgesic) effects, yet have received little attention. Most studies on PDH have been focused on the polysaccharides (large molecular weight metabolites), resulting in a major scientific gap in our knowledge on PDH. Furthermore, this review has also shown that few studies have been done in the areas of quality control, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological studies of PDH.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Ethnopharmacology , Pharmacology , Seeds , Chemistry , Sterculia , ChemistryABSTRACT
The matured, ripen, and dried seeds of Scaphium affine (Mast.) Pierre, known as Pangdahai (PDH) in Chinese and recorded as Sterculia lychnophora Hance (scientific synonym) in the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopeia, have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese folk medicine, Vietnamese traditional medicine, traditional Thai medicine and Indian traditional medicine. The decoctions of the seeds are used as a remedy for pharyngitis, laryngitis, constipation, cough, menorrhagia, and pain management. This review is aimed at fully collating and presenting a systematic and comprehensive overview of the ethnopharmacological uses of PDH, its phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicological profile. Additionally, this review aims to reveal the therapeutic potentials as well as the important scientific gaps in the research of this traditional medicine that need to be filled so as to provide a comprehensive data for its development, utilization and application. From our extensive review of literatures, the teas (water decoctions) of PDH, which largely contain very polar constituents like polysaccharides, are used in the treatment of constipation, pharyngitis, and pain traditionally and ethno-medicinally and their use have been justified by pharmacological studies carried out on the polysaccharides and aqueous extracts. Additionally, this review has revealed that the organic (ethanolic and methanolic) extracts of PDH possess diverse pharmacological (anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-pyretic, anti-microbial, anti-obesity and analgesic) effects, yet have received little attention. Most studies on PDH have been focused on the polysaccharides (large molecular weight metabolites), resulting in a major scientific gap in our knowledge on PDH. Furthermore, this review has also shown that few studies have been done in the areas of quality control, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological studies of PDH.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Ethnopharmacology , Pharmacology , Seeds , Chemistry , Sterculia , ChemistryABSTRACT
Radix Toddaliae asiaticae, belonging to Rutaceae family and Toddalia genus, is a folk traditional medicine in China. Chemical constituents isolated from this plant include coumarins, alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignanoids, steroids and fatty acid, etc. Quantitative analyses focus on total lactones, total flavonoids, total alkaloids and isolated compounds of coumarins and alkaloids. In this paper, chemical constituents and quantitative analyses are reviewed, which can provide references for further research.
ABSTRACT
Radix Toddaliae asiaticae which belongs to Toddalia genus of Rutaceae family is a folk medicine in China. Modern pharmacological studies have shown its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal, cardiovascular prot tive, antitumor activities and so on. The review systematically summarizes pharmacological effects, which can provide references reasonable utilization.
ABSTRACT
Ten isoflavonoids were isolated from the heartwoods of Caragana changduensis Lion f. by means of various column chromatographic techniques. Based on the detailed spectral data analysis (MS and NMR), as well as comparison with the literatures, their chemical structures were determined as 7,2'-dihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (1), 4'-hydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyisoflavone (2), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-2',5'-dimethoxyisoflavone (3), prunetin (4), afrormosin (5), odoratin (6), genistein (7), texasin (8), pratensein (9), and 6,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (10). Among them, compounds 1-3 and 9-10 were isolated from the Caragana genus for the first time. All the compounds were obtained from this species for the first time. In the preliminary assays, compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 possessed significant inhibitory effects on NO production, with IC50 values of 48.12, 25.32, 62.71, 43.59 μmol x L(-1), respectively.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Caragana , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Isoflavones , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Macrophages , Metabolism , Molecular Structure , Nitric Oxide , MetabolismABSTRACT
Viticis Fructus is a traditional Chinese materia medica with wind-heat-dispersing action and its original plant recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia is Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia or V. trifolia. Chemical investigation indicated that the two plants contained terpenes, flavonoids, anthraquinones, lignanoids, phenolic acids, and other ingredients. Modern pharmacological studies had shown the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antipyretic-analgesic, histamine release inhibiting, antitumor activities, and so on. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects are reviewed, which can provide the references for further study on V. trifolia.